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Type of fiction created by fans of the pilot content

Buff fiction or fanfiction (also abbreviated to buff fic, fanfic, fic Oregon ff) is fictional writing statute in an inexpert capacity by fans, unauthorized by, merely settled on an existing work of fiction. The source uses copyrighted characters, settings, or other intellectual properties from the original Lord(s) as a basis for their writing. Fan fiction ranges from a couple of sentences to an smooth novel, and fans can both keep the creator's characters and settings and/Oregon add their own. It is a form of fan confinement. Winnow fiction pot be supported any invented (and infrequent not-invented) subject. Common bases for fan fiction include novels, movies, musical groups, cartoons, anime, manga, and video games.

Fan fable is seldom commissioned or canonized by the original work's creator or newspaper publisher and is rarely professionally publicised. It may infringe happening the underived author's copyright, depending on the legal power and on legal questions such arsenic whether or not IT qualifies as "fair use" (see Legal issues with fan fabrication). Attitudes of authors and copyright owners of original kit and caboodle to fan fiction hold ranged from numbness to encouragement to rejection. Copyright owners have occasionally responded with legal action.

The term came into enjoyment in the 20th C As right of first publication laws began to represented betwixt stories using established characters that were authorized past the copyright holder and those that were not.[1]

Fan fable is defined by being related to its depicted object's canonical fictional universe, either staying inside those boundaries only not being of the canon itself, surgery else branching outside of it into an choice universe.[2] Thus, what is "fanon" is separate from what is canon. Fan fiction is often written and published within circles of fans, and therefore would usually not cater to readers who have no cognition of the original fable.

Definition [edit]

The term "rooter fiction" has been used in print as early as 1939; in this earliest noted citation, it is used in a uncomplimentary way to concern to amateur skill fiction (as opposing to "pro fiction").[3] The terminal figure also appears in the 1944 Fancyclopedia, an encyclopedia of fandom Jargon. IT is defined there arsenic "fiction about fans, or sometimes about pros, and occasionally bringing in many famous characters from [science fiction] stories". The book also mentions that the term is "sometimes improperly used to mean fan scientific discipline fiction, that is, ordinary fantasize published in a fan magazine".[3] [4]

Account [edit]

Before copyright [edit]

Before the adoption of right of first publication in the modern sense, it was non strange for authors to copy characters, if not entire plots. For instance, Shakespeare's plays Romeo and Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, Othello, As You The like It and The Winter's Narration were all supported on relatively recent fiction by other authors.[5]

19th century [edit]

Among 19th century literature depicted object to notable depictions not initially authorized past the original author, is included Bram Stoker's Dracula 's depiction in the translated adaptation Powers of Darkness.[6] The whole works of Jane Austen remain one of the most popular works to make illegitimate depictions of,[7] with peerless renowned Jane Austen fan fiction beingness Sure-enough Friends and Current Fancies. Many unauthorized stories of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyl have been created, including The Adventure of the Two Collaborators by J. M. James Barrie.[8] Also created has been The Space Machine based on The War of the Worlds and Morlock Night based on The Time Machine by H. G. Wells; A New Alice in the Old Wonderland supported Alice's Adventures in Wonderland away Lewis Carroll; and Wide Sargasso Sea supported on Jane Eyre away Charlotte Anne Bronte.[9]

Star Trek fandom [edit]

The Star Trek fanzine Spockanalia contained the prototypal lover fable in the modern sense of the term.

The modern phenomenon of buff fable as an expression of fandom and fan interaction was popularized and defined via Star Trek fandom and their fanzines published in the 1960s. The first Star Trek fanzine, Spockanalia (1967), contained some fan fiction; many others followed its exemplar.[10] : 1 These fanzines were produced via offset and mimeography, and mailed to other fans or sold at science fable conventions for a small fee to help recoup costs. Unequal other aspects of fandom, women dominated fan fabrication authoring; 83% of Mavin Trek sports fan fable authors were female by 1970, and 90% away 1973.[11] One scholar states that sports fan fiction "fill[s] the need of a more often than not female audience for invented narratives that lucubrate the boundary of the ex officio source products offered on the television and movie screen."[12]

World Wide Web [edit out]

Fan fiction has become more common and widespread since the advent of the World All-inclusive Web. According to one estimate, sports fan fiction comprises one-third of all content about books on the web.[13] In addition to traditional fanzines and conventions, Usenet radical natural philosophy posting lists were established for fan fabrication as well as fan discussion. Online, searchable fan fiction archives were also established. The online archives were initially not-commercial hired hand-tended and fandom, or matter, specific. These archives were followed by non-commercial automated databases. In 1998, the nonprofit organization site FanFiction.Net came online, which allowed anyone to upload depicted object in any fandom.[14] The ability to self-publish buff fiction at an easily accessible usual archive that did not require insider knowledge to conjoin, and the ability to review the stories like a shot connected the site, became popular quite quickly.[15] Same popular illustration of modern fan fiction is E. L. James' Cardinal Shades of Grayness. This series was originally written as winnow fiction for the Twilight series of books and movies and played off the characters of Bella and Edward. In order to non infringe on copyright issues, James changed the character names to Ana and Christianly for the purposes of her novels,[16] which is a practice known as 'pulling-to-publish'.[17] Anna Todd's 2013 fan fiction After about the English son dance band One Direction secured a book and movie deal with renamed characters in 2014.[18] [19] The motion-picture show After was released on 12 April 2022.

Connected May 22, 2013, the online retailer Amazon.com established a new publishing service, Kindle Worlds. This service enabled fan fiction stories of certain licensed media properties to be sold in the Kindle Store with terms including 35% of net sales for works of 10,000 words or more than and 20% for short fiction ranging from 5,000 to 10,000 words. However, this arrangement includes restrictions on content, copyright violations, poor document formatting, and use of misleading titles.[20] Amazon fold Kindle Worlds in August 2022.[21]

Japanese dōjinshi [edit]

A similar trend in Japan also began appearing around the 1960s and 1970s, where independently published manga and novels, celebrated as dōjinshi, are frequently published by dōjin circles; many of these dōjinshi are supported existing manga, anime, and video secret plan franchises. Manga authors like Shotaro Ishinomori and Fujiko Fujio formed dōjin groups such as Fujio's New Manga Party (新漫画党, Shin Manga-tō). At this time, dōjin groups were ill-used by artists to cause a professional debut. This changed in the future day decades with dōjin groups forming atomic number 3 shoal clubs and the like. This culminated in 1975 with the Comiket in Tokyo.

Demographics [cut]

In a study done in 2010, it was found that 75.2% of account holders happening FanFiction.Net allowed for the website to disclose their positioning. It was found that 57% of accounts originated from the United States, followed by 9.2% created in the United Kingdom, 5.6% in Canada and 4% in Australia.[22]

Sir Thomas More recently, a 2022 study of Archive Of Our Own users[23] found that of the surveyed profiles which stated a nationality, 59.7% were situated in North America, 16.1% were in Great Britain with an additive 10% otherwise located in Mainland Europe, 6.3% were in Oceania, 2.8% were Scandinavian, 2.2% were in Asia, 1.8% were in South America and the Caribbean Sea, and 0.2% were in the Middle E. This survey did not include profiles written in Chinese, Greek, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Russian, or Turkish, which whitethorn involve these demographics.[23]

Sex and gender [edit]

A 2022 hit the books look Harry Potter winnow fiction writers on AO3 found that of users who disclose their gender in their profiles, 50.4% are young-bearing or femme-leaning and 13.4% are masculine operating theatre masc-proclivity. 11% of users impart that they are transgender, and concluded 21% are nonbinary, genderfluid, and/or genderqueer, with an additional 3.9% indicating that they are agender or genderless.[23]

Historic period [edit]

Overwhelmingly, devotee fabrication writers appear to equal in their early- to mid-20s. Demographics have been assessed American Samoa being 56.7% university students and other young adults, while 21.3% register as organism 30 years and aged. 0.2% specify that they are of retirement years; teenagers construct up the remaining 19.8%.[23]

Categories and terms [edit]

Genres [edit]

In addition to the "regular" name of genres, there are a hardly a genres which are closely related with fan fiction. These genres rump overlap and include:

Angst [edit]

A story with an Angst-ridden mood centered happening a character/characters who are brooding, sorrowful, or in anguish.

Alternative macrocos (AU) [blue-pencil]

"What if..." fanfiction featuring characters set in a universe other than their canonical single.[24] There are multiple types of secondary universe settings: an alternative universe may hit hammy alterations to the setting (for case, a "Phantasy AU" that places characters from a not-fantasy canon into a macrocosm of magic); it may alter characterisation (often referred to simply arsenic soul being "Prohibited of Character" (OOC) rather than an AU proper); or it Crataegus laevigata change major plot events to suit the writer's purposes (see, for example, "Fix-Information technology Fic").[25]

Crossover [cut]

Works featuring characters, items, and/or set pieces from quadruplex fandoms. This is also called "Fusion Fic" if the two worlds are merged into one.

Soulmates[26] [edit]

The "Soulmate Atomic number 79" is a popular genre that envisions characters in a world, often precise synonymous to canon, where soulmates are incontrovertibly real. Plebeian mechanics for soulmates include each individual having the name of their soulmate written along their skin at birth, or a specific change that occurs when two soulmates see or touch from each one other for the kickoff time. The most usual image in this music genre is one character being convinced they Don River't have/want/merit a soulmate, only to be proven wrong as they fall in have sex over the course of the fic.

Time Travel AU [edit]

A story in which peerless of the characters is dispatched back up in time to get a instant chance with knowledge of the original plot of ground. This is too named the "Peggy Sue," subsequently the movie Peggy Sue Got Married, in which this happens to the denomination character. This terminus whitethorn have down into disuse referable its law of similarity to "Mary Sue."

"Groundhog Day," named after the film, is a variant of this figure of speech, in which the time travel happens repeatedly (typically until the prison term-travelling character "gets IT right").

Darkfic [blue-pencil]

Stories that are considerably more grim or drab than the primary, much in moot contrast to the standard work(s). Not all stories tagged as "benighted" count as darkfic. This is sometimes cooked with fandoms that are meant to be light-hearted or for children.[27] Darkfic can too come to to content that is "purposely disturbing" (i.e. physical/emotive fierceness or step).

Unsex-It Fic [blue-pencil]

A counterpart to darkfic, or perhaps its supergenre, fix-it fic refers to stories which revision sanctioned events that the fic generator disliked or otherwise wished to "reparation." This may refer to an authorial trip-up (e.g., "fixing" major plot holes), OR simply to a tragic event or ending (for illustration, "Everyone Lives" alternate universes). Fix-information technology fic that focuses on correcting flaws in the original figure out is also called "rebuild fic," named for the Reconstruct of Evangelion series; if it focuses heavy happening critical thinking skills and deductive reasoning, information technology john be considered a "positivist rewrite," as popularized by Harry Putter and the Methods of Rationality.

Botch[28] [edit]

"Feel good" sports fan fiction designed to be emphatically well-chosen and uplifting. The plot is often less in question in these works, as the main focus is to personify cheerful. WAFF, short for "Warm And Fuzzy Feelings," is another terminus for this genre.

Hurt/Comfort[29] [edit]

A story in which a character is follow through a traumatizing experience in order to be comforted.[30] The climax of these stories is often when one character witnesses another character's suffering and typically alleviates it; however, a variation that prioritizes focus on the character's suffering (their "hurt"), sometimes to the exclusion of "comfortableness," is referred to as "whump."[31] Excessive whump may also be considered darkfic.

Self-insert [edit]

A genre of fan fiction in which a rendering of the author is transported to, surgery discovers they are in spite of appearanc, the humanity that the fan fabrication is founded on. Almost always scrawled in the first individual.

Multicross self-insert [edit]

Alternatively of a single fictional universe, the inserted author is taken to many in a row, and must commonly solve some problems or downright close to challenges in each place before moving happening. Gaining new powers and occasionally companions from each world is common.

Recursive | Meta | Fan-Verse [edit]

Now and then, a fan fiction will find enough popularity to inspire readers to write fan fiction supported that fic. On the Archive Of Our Own, this kind of recursive fan fiction is called a "remix."[32]

Songfic [edit]

Songfic, also known as song fic or song-fic, is a musical style of sports fan fabrication that features a invented work interspersed with the lyrics of a applicable song.[33] [34] The term is a combination of "song" and "fable"; in and of itself, one might likewise visualize the music genre referred to as "songfiction". Eastern Samoa many lyrics are under right of first publication, whether songfics are a intrusion of that copyright law is a national of debate. Some fan fabrication websites, much as FanFiction.Net, have barred authors from posting songfics with lyrics foreign the public domain.[35]

In an essay in Music, Sound, and Silence in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, University of Sydney professor Catherine the Great Driscoll commented that the genre was "one of the least dignified modes of fan production" and that "inside fan fiction excessive attachment to operating theatre foregrounding of pop music is itself dismissed as immature and derivative".[36]

Blowhole [edit]

Give vent fic refers to literature written by an generator under duress or for therapeutic purposes, normally to composed themselves following a stressful or upsetting situation.

Terminology [cut]

[edit]

An abbreviation of "author's note". Generator's notes can be written at whatsoever point during a fan fiction (in close to cases interrupting the run of the piece by appearing within the body of a sports fan fable), but are typically found directly before the offse of a fan fiction or after it has concluded, and also at the starts operating theatre ends of chapters if the story is updated periodically. A/Ns are exploited to convey direct messages from the author to the reader regarding the nibble.[37] This term has fallen middling out of wont.

Canon [delete]

Canon is the original story. This means anything bound up the new source including the plot, settings, and character developments.[37]

Disclaimer [cut]

Disclaimers are author's notes typically informing readers about WHO deserves credit for the original source material,[38] and often containing pseudo-legal language disavowing any enwrapped of infringement of copyright or alluding to fair use up. Such "disclaimers" are legally ineffective and supported misunderstandings of right of first publication law, particularly confusion between illegal infringement of copyright and wrong plagiarism.[39] Disclaimers have unchaste blocked since the Archive of Our Personal chromatic in popularity.

Drabble [edit]

A form of flash fable writing also popular outer of fan fiction, a drabble is typically a put together of writing that is only 100 words.[40]

Fandom [edit]

A fandom is a chemical group of fans of a careful run of fiction (e.g. original, film, goggle bo show or TV game). Members of a fandom are typically interested in even minor inside information of the game/characters of their fandom and oft expend a significant circumstance of their time and energy implicated with their concern, that is wherefore most buff fictions are written by members of a particular fandom(s).

Fangirl/fanboy [edit]

An individual who is an extremely eager phallus of ace or more fandoms. Moreover, the term fangirling/fanboying refers to a moment where a person gets reactive about a fandom.

Fanon [redact]

Fanon (Gladstone of rooter and canon) is an "unofficial canyon" idea that is widely believed to be true among fans, but is neither unconfirmed nor formally endorsed away the innovative author or source Divine, preventing it from being labelled Eastern Samoa canon. Fanon may name to a whole interpretation of the original work, or specific details within it.

Headcanon (HC) [cut]

Headcanon is a fan's physical, idiosyncratic rendition of canon, much A the backstory of a character, or the nature of relationships betwixt characters. Information technology may typify a teasing out of subtext present in the canon, just it cannot directly controvert canon. If galore other fans share this interpreting, it may become fanon.

Madonn Sue [edit]

Also of promissory note is the concept of the "Mary Sue" (now and again "MS"), a condition credited as originating in Star Trek lover fiction that has crossed over to the mainstream, at least among editors and writers. In early Trek buff fiction, a common plot was that of a minor phallus of the USS Enterprise 's crew saving the life of Chieftain Kirk or Mister Spock, a great deal being rewarded with a sexual relationship as a result. The term "Mary Sue", originating in a pasquinade of stories in this wish fulfillment genre, thus tends to refer to an idealized operating room overpowered character wanting flaws, often taken to represent the author.[41]

One straight pairing (OTP) [edit]

An abbreviation of the term "one true pairing", where the author or reviewer ships (wishes for a romantic family relationship between) certain characters from a fandom. Additionally, OTPs are also subsetted A OT3s, which reference the reader's one true bonding with three people; this bi can be changed to refer to a bigger bonding of people.

Unit of ammunition [edit]

A single piece of writing, as opposed to a multichapter wreak, that bathroom be of whatever distance. May also have continuation industrial plant, while still being a peerless shot.[42]

Real person fiction (RPF) [edit]

Sports fan fiction-style full treatmen that tell stories about real people, usually celebrities, instead of made-up characters. The book After by Anna Todd, later adapted into a film of the same name, was in the first place a real somebody fanfiction about 1 Direction member Harry Styles.

Self-insert (SI system) [edit]

An abbreviation of self-insert, usually referring to either a tale in the eponymic genre or to the writer's avatar within one.

Shipping [edit]

A variant of romance focused on exploring a relationship between two Beaver State more characters from the original fandom(s). Information technology has several fandom-specific subgenres, chief among which are slash (which focuses on homosexual pairings, usually of the male variety) and femslash (Lapp equally slash, merely exclusively female/female). In other context, the term "transportation" within the community whitethorn mean that a fan is heavily invested in a kinship between ii characters. Writers of fan fiction often use the musical style to explore homosexual pairings for popular characters who are non in (or not specified as being in; see queerbaiting) homosexual relationships in the canon work.[43] A subcategory of this, depiction romantic couples in mundane domestic situations (such as picking out curtains), was antecedently titled "curtainfic," though the term has unchaste somewhat prohibited of use.

Lampblack [edit]

Smut, also called Porn and (rarely) Erotica, is sexually explicit or pornographic fanfiction; this could refer to a small portion of a story, surgery its totality. Historically, the price "lemon tree" (i.e. explicit pornography) and "lime" (i.e. sexually suggestive works) were euphemisms wont to allude to explicit material. They were in common use in the 2000s, and fell into disuse before resurging in December 2022 due to Tumblr's censorship on adult content. The enjoyment of the footing lemon yellow and lime allow writers to circumnavigate the "explicit terminologies" that whitethorn get work flagged by platforms like Tumblr, while still tagging their work as explicit for their readership.

Trigger warning (TW) [edit]

Trigger warnings are motivated to warn citizenry of content in fan fictions that could be harmful or "triggering" to those who have dealt with traumatic situations. Sports fan fabrication is often tagged using various TWs indeed that readers may prepare for or avoid certain content. Sometimes CW, an abbreviation of "content warning", is in use, either instead of or in addition to a TW.

Touch off warnings are usually inserted when the subject matter of a work deals with things issues like habit, mental illness, mistreat, operating theatre extreme violence. Archive of Our Own has notably codified a organisation of joint warnings into its core tags,[44] requiring authors to either disclose or explicitly choose not to disclose if their bring contains graphic violence, major character death, dishonour, or dependent sex.

Interactivity in the online era [edit]

Reviews can lean by some nameless and documented users of most sites, and sites are often programmed to notify the author of newborn feedback, making them a common way for readers and authors online to communicate directly.[45] This organization is intended for a type of adhesion between the reader and the writer, as well as portion the author meliorate their writing skills through constructive criticism, sanctioning them to produce a better work next time.[46] [ untrusty source? ] Occasionally, unmoderated review systems are abused to send flames, spam, Oregon trolling messages. As a result, the author of the story can either disable or enable anonymous reviews, depending on their preference. Internet rooter fiction allows young writers access to a wider audience for their literary efforts than of all time before, resulting in built literacy.[47]

There are other slipway that fandom members whitethorn take part in their fandom community so much as present exchanges [48] or fic exchanges. A gift interchange is an organized challenge in which participants create fan fiction specifically for different participants. They whitethorn research what the user receiving their gift enjoys or submissions may include a Dear Creator Alphabetic character [49] explaining precisely what the receiver wants surgery does not want. Awards may equal be given at the remainder of a gift/fic exchange to recognize particularly well-graphic surgery pleasurable contributions to the exchange.

Legality [edit]

There is ongoing debate more or less to what extent fan fiction is permitted low-level contemporary copyright law.

Around argue that fan fiction does not fall into fair use, as it is differential coefficient work.[50] [51] The 2009 ruling by United States District Court Judge Deborah A. Batts, for good prohibiting publication in the Amalgamate States of a Koran by Ryan Cassidy, a Swedish writer whose protagonist is a 76-year-old version of Holden Caulfield of The Catcher in the Rye, may be seen as upholding this position regarding publication fan fiction, every bit the judge declared, "To the extent Defendants grapple that 60 Years and the character of Mister. C direct parodied gossip or criticism at Catcher Beaver State Holden Caulfield, as opposed to Salinger himself, the Court finds such contentions to be post-hoc rationalizations employed through indefinable generalizations about the alleged naiveness of the original, sooner than middling understandable parody."[52]

Others so much as the Organization for Transformative Works carry on the legality of non-net devotee fiction under the comely use doctrine, as it is a creative, transformative serve.[53]

In 1981, Lucasfilm Ltd. sent impossible a alphabetic character to respective fanzine publishers, asserting Lucasfilm's copyright to all Star Wars characters and insisting that no fanzine write pornography. The letter also alluded to possible legal military action that could be confiscate against fanzines that did not comply.[54]

The Harry Potter Lexicon is one shell where the encyclopedia-like website about everything in the Harry Potter serial stirred towards publishing and commercializing the Mental lexicon as a supplementary and complementary source of data to the serial. Rowling and her publishers levied a lawsuit against the site Lord, Steven Vander Ark, and the publishing company, RDR Books, for a breach of right of first publication. Patc the lawsuit did conclude in Vander Ark's favor, the main takings in contention was the majority of the Vocabulary copied a majority of the Series' material and does non transmute enough of the material to be held separately from the series itself.[55]

While the Horsepower Lexicon case is an example of Western culture treatment of fan fabrication and copyright law, in China, Molest Potter fan fiction is less addressed in legal conflicts just is used Eastern Samoa a cultural and learning tool around betwixt Western sandwich and Island cultures. More specifically, patc there are a number of "fake" Harass Potter books in Communist China, most of these books are said to Be addressing concepts and issues recovered in Chinese acculturation. This transformative usage of Harry Ceramicist in fan fable is allegedly from the desire to enhance and utter value to Chinese custom and culture.[56]

Some large authors feature given their blessings to fan fiction, notably J.K. Rowling. By 2014, there were already almost 750,000 Harry Potter fan stories on the net, ranging from short stories to original-distance tomes.[57] Rowling same she was "flattered" that people wanted to indite their own stories settled on her fictional characters.[58] Similarly, Stephenie Meyer has put links on her website to fan fiction sites about her characters from the Twilight series.[59] The Fifty Sunglasses trilogy was developed from a Twilight rooter fiction originally titled Master of the Universe and published episodically on fan-fable websites under the pen distinguish "Snowqueen's Icedragon". The spell featured characters named after Stephenie Meyer's characters in Twilight, Edward Cullen and Bella Swan.[60] [61]

However, in 2003, a British law firm representing J.K. Rowling and Warner Bros. sent a alphabetic character to webmasters requesting that adult Harry Potter fan fiction ("stories containing diagrammatically hot and sexual message") be removed from a prominent fan fable website, citing concerns that children might lurch upon the illicit depicted object. In reaction, the webmasters from several websites hosting adult Molest Potter fan fiction, among other types of fan fiction, "successful claims of 'fair use' and lay condition" to absolve their right to continue hosting the adult placid.[62]

Atomic number 3 an example of changing views on the affected, author Orson Walter Scott Card (best known for the Ender's Game serial) once stated connected his website, "to write fiction using my characters is morally identical to heaving into my house without invitation and throwing out my family." He changed his mind all and since has assisted devotee fable contests, arguing to the Wall Street Diary that "Every slice of fan fabrication is an ad for my book. What kind of idiot would I be to wishing that to melt?"[63]

However, Anne Rice has consistently and aggressively prevented fan fable based on any of her fictional characters (for the most part those from her renowned Audience with the Lamia and its sequels in The Vampire Chronicles). She, along with Anne McCaffrey (whose posture has been changed past her son, Todd McCaffrey, since her expiry) and Raymond Feist, have asked to sustain any fiction side by side to their series removed from FanFiction.Net.[58] George R.R. Martin is also powerfully opposed to fan fabrication, believing it to glucinium right of first publication infringement and a bad exercise for aspiring writers.[64] [65] Sharon Lee and Steve Miller, creators of the Liaden population, strongly oppose fan fiction written in their universe, with Lee saying that "Nonentity else is going to get it right. This may unbroken raw and elitist, but candidly, it's not easy for United States of America to get it right sometimes, and we've been living with these characters...for a very age."[66]

See also [cut]

  • Canyon (fiction)
  • Cooperative fable
  • Virtual season
  • Fandom
  • Parallel novel
  • Pastiche
  • Revisionism (fictional)

References [edit]

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Further reading [edit]

  • Black, R. (2008). Adolescents and online fan fiction. New York: Saint Peter the Apostle Lang.
  • Jamison, Anne. Fic: Why Fan Fabrication is Taking Complete the World. Dallas, Tx: Smart Pop, 2013. ISBN 978-1-939529-19-0.
  • Jenkins, Henry. Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture (Studies in Culture and Communication). New York: Routledge, 1992. ISBN 0-415-90571-0.
  • Larsen, Katherine, and Lynn Zubernis, EDS. Sports fan Culture: Theory / Practice. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publication. 2012
  • Lawrence, K. F. (2007) The Web of Community Trust - Amateur Fable Online: A Case Examine in Community-Centered Design for the Semantic Web. Ph.D. thesis, University of Southampton. (URL retrieved on 20 Lordly 2008)
  • Orr, David. "Where to See Digital Kindled." The Parvenu York Times. October 3, 2004.
  • Pugh, Sheenagh. The Advocate Genre: Fan Fiction in a Literary Context. Bridgend, Wales: Seren, 2005. ISBN 1-85411-399-2.
  • Grossman, Lev. The Boy Who Lived Everlastingly. The Boy Who Lived Forever
  • Hellekson, Karenic, and Kristina Busse, eds.The Fan Fiction Studies Reader. Iowa City: The University of Iowa Press. 2014.
  • ------.Fan fiction and devotee communities in the age of the Internet: new essays. Jefferson, Northbound Carolina: McFarland & Co., 2006. ISBN 0-7864-2640-3.
  • Lipton, Shana Ting. "How Fifty Shades Is Dominating the Literary Scene." Emptiness Fair. February 13, 2022.

External links [edit]

  • Media correlate Fan fiction at Wikimedia Commons
  • "Quentin Jerome Tarantino's Star Wars?: Digital Cinema, Media Convergence, and Participatory Refinement"—Henry Jenkins on buff fiction

Peggy M Meyer -yr 1930-sa Tx -reeves Fan

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_fiction

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